11^th International Conference on Chemistry July 20-21, 2020 Florence, Italy

Marine chemistry is also known as the Ocean Chemistry which  is influenced by the  pH levels, turbidity currents, atmospheric constituents, sediments, metamorphic activity and ecology. The Chemical oceanography is a study of the chemical composition and chemical processes of marine environments including the influences of different variables. Some of the key processes studied are a cycling of: organic and Inorganic  carbon; nutrients, such as phosphorus and nitrogen, and trace elements, such as iron.

Industrial Chemistry is a branch of chemistry which applies the physical and chemical processes of  the conversion of Raw materials in to products that are beneficial for the mankind. Industrial chemistry is a  manufacturing art of transformation of matter into the useful materials.

Biochemistry is  commonly referred as biological chemistry, & deals with chemical processes with in the living organisms Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology and the study of the molecular process followed for genetic information encoded by the DNA is able to conclude in  processes of life.

Geochemistry is the branch of the geologic sciences that weds the geology and physics, so there is a geologic sub-discipline, geochemistry, in which chemistry and the geologic sciences come together. Geochemical analyses carried out on the natural samples such as volcanic gas, water,  air, soil, sediment, dust, rock or biological hard tissues [especially ancient biological tissues] and also on anthropogenic materials such as industrial effluent and sewage sludge.Geochemistry is  study of the chemistry of natural earth materials and  chemical processes operating with in and upon the Earth, both now and in the past.

Radiochemistry is a science of radioactive materials, where the   isotopes of radioactive  elements are used to read  the properties and chemical reactions of the non-radioactive isotopes.  Radiochemistry deals with significance of radioactivity & chemical reactions.

Petro -chemistry refers the  branch of chemistry that focuses on how the  crude oil and natural gas are converted in to a raw materials and other useful products. Today such resources are  considered  as the  integral part of the development of the economy which evolves the  petro- chemistry in the  incredibly valuable field.

Atmospheric chemistry, It  is the study of the components of the planetary atmospheres, particularly that of the Earth. It specifically looks at composition of planetary atmospheres and the reactions and interactions that drive these diverse and dynamic systems. The topic encompasses the lab-based studies, field measurements and also their modelling. It is a branch of atmospheric science in which the chemistry of Earth's atmosphere and that of other planets is studied. It is integrative approach to the  research and draws on the environmental chemistry, meteorology, physics, computer oceanography, geology modelling, and volcanology, and other disciplines.

Nano Chemistry’s research ranges from the electrochemistry of molecular monolayers and even the single molecules or biomolecules, to new graphene and graphene/nanoparticle hybrid materials.We use both multifarious theoretical approaches and  advanced experimental methods.Electron transfer is a core notion exploited in the group’s projects in new Nano scale and single-molecule electrochemistry and the bio electrochemistry. The combination of the  chemistry and Nano science is called  Nanochemistry . Nanochemistry concentrates on the synthesis of building blocks which are dependent on surface, size shape,  and defect properties.

Sustainable chemistry is the concept that seeks to improve ability with the  which natural resources are used to meet human needs for chemical products and services. Sustainable chemistry encompasses the manufacture, design, and use of efficient, effective, safe and more environmentally benign chemical products and processes. It is also a process that stimulates innovation across all sectors to design and discover new chemicals, production processes, and product stewardship practices that will provide increased performance and increased value while meeting the goals and enhancing human health and the environment.

Organic chemistry is a sub discipline involving the scientific study of the properties, structure and reactions of organic materials and organic compounds. i.e., matter in its various forms that contain the carbon atoms. The Study of structure includes many physical and chemical methods to determine the chemical  Constitution and the chemical composition of the organic compounds and materials. Study of properties includes both physical properties and chemical properties, and uses similar methods as well as methods to evaluate chemical reactivity, with the aim to understand the behavior of the organic matter in its pure form (when possible), but also in solutions, mixtures, and fabricated forms. The study of organic reactions includes probing their scope through use in preparation of target compounds (e.g., natural products, drugs, polymers, etc.) by chemical synthesis, as well as the focused study of the reactivities of individual organic molecules, both in the laboratory and via theoretical study. Inorganic chemistry deals with the synthesis and behavior of inorganic and organometallic compounds. This field covers all chemical compounds except the myriad organic compounds (carbon based compounds, usually containing C-H bonds), which are the subjects of organic chemistry. The distinction between the two disciplines is far from absolute, as there is much overlap in the subdiscipline of organometallic chemistry. It has applications in every aspect of the chemical industry, including catalysis, materials science, pigments, surfactants, coatings, medications, fuels, and agriculture.

Chemistry of Fungi includes the addition of the chemistry of fungal metabolites. The topic which involves under these track is to illustrate with in the context of fungal metabolites, the historical progression from the chemical to spectroscopic methods of structure elucidation,and  the development in the  biosynthetic studies from establishing sequences and mechanisms to chemical enzymology and genetics and the increasing understanding of biological roles of natural products.

In this  the special issue of the Chemistry of Materials on subject of Computational Design of Functional Materials, we have invited a spectrum of researchers, ranging from early career scientists to established experts in this field, to showcase the use of the computational techniques and the address a variety of problems in the materials chemistry. The nature of the materials studied covers the gamut from 2D transition metal dichalcogenides to oxides to hybrid framework materials and clathrate compounds. The material functions followed also span the range from semiconducting properties to the  mechanical properties to magnetic materials, radiation stability,  and materials for energy storage applications. A particularly pleasing and somewhat unanticipated aspect of these special issue is that so many of the contributions combine experimental inputs in that ways that have allowed for theory and experimental materials co-development. The era of this theory versus experiment has clearly transitioned to an era of theory and experiment.

Since the isolation of graphene in 2004, work on atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials has progressed rapidly across the diversity of the scientific and the engineering sub fields. These types of 2D materials available has been ever growing and now includes insulators, [e.g., hexagonal boron nitride], semiconductors [e.g., transition metal dichalcogenides, TMDs], and the additional semi-metals [e.g., black phosphorus]. From these new materials, a wide array of the mechanical, optical, chemical and electric phenomena have been realized in 2D crystals produced using top-down exfoliation, or bottom-up synthesis [E.g., by chemical vapour deposition, CVD). As the 2D material science has become a mature field in-and-of itself, the several key advantages have emerged that can be leveraged for new experimentation and device creation. These advantages include the amenability of 2D materials towards top-down and bottom-up lithography methods, their pliability and ability to be mechanically strained to create new structure property function relationships, and the unique chemistry with the  large surface areas that lead to the  properties that are highly environmentally dependent.

DNA polymerases plays a vital role in maintaining the integrity of Genetic information, as the molecular machines carry out the numerous DNA transactions. DNA polymerases can also be harnessed for biotechnology applications related to the  toxicology, specifically in the detection of DNA damage. The CRT virtual issue collection highlights a variety of approaches and systems to understand the molecular details of how DNA polymerases interact with the results of toxicant exposure.

The interface between the Polymer science and Bioconjugate chemistry is the home to an Active group of scientists who seek to combine the best of both worlds. The chemical versatility of polymeric architectures with the biological function of the  naturally occurring molecules. In recent years, the novel methodologies have been developed, in both in the areas of polymer science as it is  in the field of Bioconjugate chemistry, which have now opened up opportunities to construct conjugates with unprecedented level of control.

Mass Spectroscopy is the analytical technique,  Encourages and exchange the  ideas among the experts in the area as Mass Spectroscopy which ionizes the  chemical species and sorts the ions based on the mass-to-charge ratio. In simpler terms Mass spectrometry is used in many different fields and ways  where mass spectrum measures, masses with in a sample and it is applied to pure samples as well as complex mixtures. Filtration Chemistry is a branch of Chemistry, that deals with the Filtration Techniques and which are used in various fields to Separate/extract the ingredients which is very useful and to separate the unknown ingredients using instruments like HPLC, UV, GC. & IR. etc.

It is the  exciting time for  burgeoning area of Biomaterials immunology. In the past few years, a surprising amount of research activity has been blossomed, in which investigators seek to engineer the  immunity for a wide range of the therapeutic and biotechnological goals. One has only to attend a biomaterials or bioengineering conference or to glance at the papers being published in the journals such as this one to realize that immune engineering, biomaterials immunology, and their related endeavors have become recently energized.